See radula on Wiktionary
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Barber, Dun Lu, Nicola M. Pugno, “Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth”, in Journal of the Royal Society Interface:", "text": "The radula end containing the first 5–10 rows of teeth showed evidence of wear from rasping over rock surfaces during feeding and was removed using dissection.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 98:", "text": "What Kruta found in the ammonoid fossils was an unfoldable radula covered with delicate, comblike teeth.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The rasping tongue of snails and all other mollusks except bivalves." ], "id": "en-radula-en-noun-ekoiZ7WU", "links": [ [ "zoology", "zoology" ], [ "rasping", "rasping" ], [ "tongue", "tongue" ], [ "snail", "snail" ], [ "mollusk", "mollusk" ], [ "bivalve", "bivalve" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(zoology) The rasping tongue of snails and all other mollusks except bivalves." ], "topics": [ "biology", "natural-sciences", "zoology" ], "translations": [ { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "word": "raastinkieli" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "word": "radula" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "word": "hākuku" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "rádula" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rádula", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ра́дула" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "tjórka", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "тёрка" }, { "code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "radwla" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈɹæd͡ʒ.ʊ.lə/", "tags": [ "US" ] } ], "word": "radula" } { "forms": [ { "form": "radulas", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "radula f (plural radulas)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "radula" ], "id": "en-radula-fr-noun-rNaSj07z", "links": [ [ "radula", "radula#English" ] ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-radula.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav.ogg" } ], "word": "radula" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "radula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ English: radula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ English: radula" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "radula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ French: radula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ French: radula" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "radula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Dutch: radula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Dutch: radula" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pt", "2": "rádula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Portuguese: rádula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Portuguese: rádula" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "rādō", "3": "-ula", "alt1": "rād(ō)", "gloss1": "I scrape" }, "expansion": "rād(ō) (“I scrape”) + -ula", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*reh₁d-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d-", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From rād(ō) (“I scrape”) + -ula, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d-. Compare with rāstrum and rallum.", "forms": [ { "form": "rādula", "tags": [ "canonical", "feminine" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "la-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "rādula", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulārum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulam", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulās", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulā", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādula", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "rādula<1>" }, "expansion": "rādula f (genitive rādulae); first declension", "name": "la-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "rādula<1>" }, "name": "la-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ula", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "la", "name": "Tools", "orig": "la:Tools", "parents": [ "Technology", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "a scraper, scraping-iron" ], "id": "en-radula-la-noun-BjFJUBAO", "links": [ [ "scraper", "scraper" ], [ "scraping", "scraping" ], [ "iron", "iron" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-1" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈraː.du.la/", "tags": [ "Classical-Latin" ] }, { "ipa": "[ˈräːd̪ʊɫ̪ä]", "tags": [ "Classical-Latin" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈra.du.la/", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" }, { "ipa": "[ˈräːd̪ulä]", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" } ], "word": "radula" }
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Barber, Dun Lu, Nicola M. Pugno, “Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth”, in Journal of the Royal Society Interface:", "text": "The radula end containing the first 5–10 rows of teeth showed evidence of wear from rasping over rock surfaces during feeding and was removed using dissection.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 98:", "text": "What Kruta found in the ammonoid fossils was an unfoldable radula covered with delicate, comblike teeth.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The rasping tongue of snails and all other mollusks except bivalves." ], "links": [ [ "zoology", "zoology" ], [ "rasping", "rasping" ], [ "tongue", "tongue" ], [ "snail", "snail" ], [ "mollusk", "mollusk" ], [ "bivalve", "bivalve" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(zoology) The rasping tongue of snails and all other mollusks except bivalves." ], "topics": [ "biology", "natural-sciences", "zoology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈɹæd͡ʒ.ʊ.lə/", "tags": [ "US" ] } ], "translations": [ { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "word": "raastinkieli" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "word": "radula" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "word": "hākuku" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "rádula" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rádula", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ра́дула" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "tjórka", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "тёрка" }, { "code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "radwla" } ], "word": "radula" } { "forms": [ { "form": "radulas", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "radula f (plural radulas)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "French countable nouns", "French entries with incorrect language header", "French feminine nouns", "French lemmas", "French nouns", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "glosses": [ "radula" ], "links": [ [ "radula", "radula#English" ] ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-radula.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-radula.wav.ogg" } ], "word": "radula" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "radula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ English: radula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ English: radula" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "radula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ French: radula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ French: radula" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "radula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Dutch: radula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Dutch: radula" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pt", "2": "rádula", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Portuguese: rádula", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Portuguese: rádula" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "rādō", "3": "-ula", "alt1": "rād(ō)", "gloss1": "I scrape" }, "expansion": "rād(ō) (“I scrape”) + -ula", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*reh₁d-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d-", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From rād(ō) (“I scrape”) + -ula, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d-. Compare with rāstrum and rallum.", "forms": [ { "form": "rādula", "tags": [ "canonical", "feminine" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "la-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "rādula", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulārum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulam", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulās", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādulā", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "rādulīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "rādula", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "rādulae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "rādula<1>" }, "expansion": "rādula f (genitive rādulae); first declension", "name": "la-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "rādula<1>" }, "name": "la-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Latin 3-syllable words", "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "Latin feminine nouns", "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension", "Latin first declension nouns", "Latin lemmas", "Latin nouns", "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Latin terms suffixed with -ula", "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "la:Tools" ], "glosses": [ "a scraper, scraping-iron" ], "links": [ [ "scraper", "scraper" ], [ "scraping", "scraping" ], [ "iron", "iron" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-1" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈraː.du.la/", "tags": [ "Classical-Latin" ] }, { "ipa": "[ˈräːd̪ʊɫ̪ä]", "tags": [ "Classical-Latin" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈra.du.la/", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" }, { "ipa": "[ˈräːd̪ulä]", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" } ], "word": "radula" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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